Marcos trial more
sobering than sensational
Report on a former first
lady
NEW YORK - It was a typical
afternoon in the trial of Imelda Marcos and Adnan Khashoggi.
One of the jurors had not opened his eyes for several minutes. Behind
the bench, U.S. District Judge John F. Keenan slowly slid down his chair
until only the crown of his balding head remained in view, like the sun
slipping below the horizon.
The witness, a former Filipino banker, silently read one of the
thousands of documents that are numbered like automobile license plates -
1403-B1 or some such thing. He seemed to be one of the few alert people in
the courtroom.
One month into the racketeering trial of the former Filipino first
lady, spectators hoping to hear sensational testimony about Marcos'
footwear or her fabled shopping trips are more likely to encounter
less-than-gripping colloquies about the arcane details of international
financial transactions.
Frequently the witnesses do not even mention Imelda Marcos by name - or
they mention only former President Ferdinand E. Marcos, who was also
indicted but died in September before he could be arraigned.
"You never had any contact with Mrs. Marcos, did you?" Gerry
Spence, the defense attorney for Marcos, asked Pacifico Villaluz Jr., a
former bank official who testified Friday.
"No, never," said Villaluz, who testified that a Marcos
associate directed him to set up fictitious accounts, which prosecutors
say were used by the Marcoses.
U.S. attorneys say the combined testimony of dozens of witnesses like
Villaluz will unravel the labyrinthine channels through which Ferdinand
Marcos and his wife allegedly transferred hundreds of millions of dollars
for their personal use.
So far, those witnesses have identified thousands of pages of letters,
stock certificates and canceled checks that investigators say will prove
that the former first family siphoned hundreds of millions of dollars from
the Philippines and hid it in a "spider's web" of offshore
banks, Swiss accounts and Manhattan real estate.
By all accounts, the prosecution is still in the early stages of
presenting its case against Marcos and Khashoggi. Marcos is charged with
fraud and racketeering. Khashoggi, a Saudi financier, is charged with
helping to conceal the Marcoses' ownership of four Manhattan buildings.
By the looks of Judge Keenan's cavernous fourth-floor courtroom, the
three teams of attorneys plan on staying a few more months.
Each team of lawyers occupies a 10-foot-long table, each of which is
covered with exhibits and brick-colored folders. Clerks assisting the
attorneys frequently shuttle across the courtroom to retrieve documents
from the seven file cabinets that line the courtroom's gray marble walls.
With all the furniture in the courtroom, the adversaries are separated by
narrow aisles.
But those narrow aisles represent a vast gulf in styles.
The three prosecutors, led by Assistant U.S. Attorney Charles LaBella,
are a humorless group who question their witnesses according to prepared
scripts. Their questions are crisp and methodical, intended to elicit only
a measured amount of information.
Spence, the lead attorney for Marcos, lives on a ranch in Wyoming and
looks the part - he wears buckskin jackets and a Stetson hat, which he
places prominently on the table in view of the jury.
Compared with the prosecutors, Spence is folksy. "We're not trying
to embarrass you," he reassured one jittery prosecution witness. He
frequently stands behind Marcos and places his hand on her shoulder.
A week ago, Spence went to the defense of Marcos after she broke down
during the testimony of a U.S. Customs agent, who described some of the
personal belongings that he found in the Marcoses' luggage when they
entered the United States after fleeing Manila in February 1986.
Khashoggi's lawyers, headed by James P. Linn of Oklahoma City, keep a
low profile compared with Spence. Sometimes Khashoggi's lawyers limit
their cross-examination to one question because little of the testimony
deals directly with their client.
"Do you see Mr. Khashoggi's name in there?" Linn asked one
witness who had identified a document.
"No," replied the witness, prompting Linn to thank him and
sit down.
Much of the testimony is not so brief.
Rodolfo Arambulo, a former director of the California Overseas Bank,
described how he helped set up the bank in 1976 at the direction of
Roberto S. Benedicto, a close friend of Marcos. Prosecutors allege that
the bank was a conduit for much of the money obtained illegally in the
Philippines.
Under Benedict's direction, Arambulo said that he set up about 15
savings accounts at the bank with fictitious names and that money would be
directed into the accounts from the Philippines and other countries.
Payments from the accounts included monthly allowances of $10,000 for the
Marcos children, Imee and Ferdinand Jr.
Arambulo is only one of several former Marcos associates who have
defected to the prosecution. He was indicted in 1988 along with the
Marcoses, but pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges in February and is
awaiting sentencing.
In fact, many of the Filipino witnesses who once were Marcos allies
appeared to have simply shifted their allegiances to the prosecution, as
though it were a conquering force.
Andres Genito, a businessman who was granted immunity from prosecution,
described with relish on Tuesday how Marcos collected kickbacks from a
Japanese government program that paid reparations to the Philippines for
World War II damage.
Genito, who represented Japanese contractors who provided equipment and
services to the Philippines, said he paid up to 15 percent of the price of
the contracts to Gen. Eugenio Balao, the head of the Philippine
reparations commission and a close friend of Marcos. Balao told Genito
that the money went to Marcos.
Genito said he once met with Ferdinand Marcos about a $1 million deal
and the president told him, "Your ma'am is interested in this
project." Imelda Marcos was known in the Philippines as "your
ma'am."
At another point, Genito said, he was on a yacht with the first family
when Imelda Marcos told him privately that she could help with anything if
Ferdinand Marcos was unavailable.
Under cross-examination, however, Genito withered somewhat.
"You're not suggesting by your testimony that Mrs. Marcos did
anything wrong, are you?" defense attorney Spence asked.
Genito hemmed and hawed. But Spence insisted: "Yes or no."
"No," Genito said.
Genito's testimony also highlighted a frequent problem that the
American lawyers and judges have in understanding the Filipino accents.
Genito acknowledged that he was a party to civil suits in the
Philippines that named as defendants "President Marcos, Imelda Marcos
and Elise Croonies."
"Elise Croonies?" Judge Keenan asked, leaning in.
Genito repeated the phrase several times until Keenan realized that it
was not a name.
"All his cronies," Genito said.
Two months later, the jury acquitted Marcos and Khashoggi.
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